Why Machu Picchu Still Mystifies Experts

The Inca civilization in the Andes Mountains built Machu Picchu, a city perched high on a mountain ridge. They constructed terraces for farming and intricate stone buildings without mortar. How did they manage such precision—at nearly 8,000 feet above sea level? The answer lies in their brilliant engineering and deep connection to the land.

Machu Picchu is more than just a breathtaking view—it’s a marvel of ancient engineering. Built in the 1400s by the Inca Empire, this mountaintop city blends seamlessly into its surroundings. Every stone, every terrace, was placed with care and purpose.

One of the most impressive features is the farming terraces. Carved into the steep mountainside, these giant steps kept soil from washing away and allowed the Inca to grow crops like corn and potatoes. They even added layers of rock, gravel, and soil to help with drainage. Pretty smart for a civilization without metal tools!

Then there’s the stonework. The Inca fit massive stones together so perfectly, you can’t even slip a piece of paper between them. They didn’t use mortar—instead, they shaped each stone to fit like a puzzle piece. This technique helped the buildings survive earthquakes, which are common in the Andes.

Machu Picchu wasn’t just practical—it was spiritual, too. Many believe it was a royal estate or a sacred space, with temples aligned to the sun and stars.

It’s no wonder Machu Picchu is now a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Try This at Home:
Ask your kids: How would you build a city on a mountain? What tools would you use—and what would you name it?